Summary and Analysis of Frankenstein by Mary Shelley

Author
Mary W. Shelley

Setting
18th century Europe
V.F. childhood: Genve
V.F. college: Inglolstatd
Walton's letters: on a ship in the arctic circle

Characters
Victor Frankenstein: The inventor of the creature and the protagonist of the novel. A man driven by ambition and scientific curiosity. His hubris is his tragic flaw and what drives him to ruin.
Elizabeth Lavenza: Sister and bride of Victor; is adopted into the family as a small child (depending on which version). Often spoken about with angelic features and represents ideal womanhood.
Caroline Frankenstein: Victor's mother. Her death is what causes Victor's desire to transcend death.
Alphonse Frankenstein: Victor's father.
*Victor's parents want the very best for him and spoiled him throughout his childhood, resulting in him growing up to have a god-like self image and selfishness.*
William Frankenstein: The youngest son of the Frankenstein family. Is killed by the creature and symbolizes the loss of innocence.
Henry Clerval: Victor's life-long friend and literary foil.
The Creature: The monster that is created by Victor, he is the mirror image of his creator.
Robert Walton: An explorer who Victor meets on a ship in the Arctic circle. Represent the common masses of the world in their exploration of knowledge and human capability. The only person to whom Victor can relate.

Plot
R.W.'s Letters:

1. Robert Walton, who is on a fearless expedition to the North Pole, and his crew take in an interesting weary traveler who is on the brink of death (Victor Frankenstein). 
2. After befriending the traveler, Walton is given the privileged to hear his long-concealed story.

Frankenstein's POV:

1. Victor tells of his privileged childhood, it is emphasized here how he was treated like a God by his parents and developed into a strong narcissism.
2. The family adopts an orphan named Elizabeth out of the kindness of their hearts, but also intends her to be Victor's bride. (Example of how they were willing to do anything to make Victor happy and social as possible--- evidence of his abnormal youth)
3. Henry Clerval is introduced as Victor's BFF.
4. Victor leaves to study in Inglolstadt, where his fervor for science and metaphysics grows immensely. His chemistry professor excites this passion, thus beginning Victor's unnatural obsession with the principles of life and the boundaries of death.
5. Victor creates the monster which escapes from the laboratory.
6. Victor learns through a letter from Elizabeth that his younger brother, William, has been murdered; On his way back to Geneva, he see a figure and assumes in terror that it is his creation
7. Justine drama
8. Victor flees from the stressful environment at home and meets the Monster while on a solitary hike in the mountains.

The Creature's POV:

1. The monster traveled very far after his birth and found refuge in a hovel adjacent to the cottage of an exiled French family. Here he observes the behavior of human life and longs desperately and hopelessly to be a part of it.
2. Determined to seek revenge on Victor, sets out for Geneva. There he wanders upon William and kills him and frames Justine.
3. The monster then demands that Victor make him a woman.

Frankenstein's POV:

1. Victor goes to England with Henry to build the new monster. 
2. He retreats to a desolate corner of Scotland (after ditching Henry) and begins to build her.
3. in fear of reproduction, he destroys the new monster before he can finish it, and the monster declares to "be with him on his wedding night". Here Victor exemplifies his narcissism by assuming that the monster would try to kill him, not Elizabeth.
4. Victor throws the mangled body parts into the lake, washes ashore, is accused of murder of Henry, falls into a fever, then is escorted him by his father.
5. Elizabeth is strangles to death on her wedding night by the monster, Victor's father dies of grief
6. Victor decides to spend the rest of his life pursuing the creature and to kill it.

R.W.'s Letters:

1. Victor dies after telling his story
2. The monster appears, talks to Walton about his regret for his actions but justifies them with his suffering, then declares that he will commit suicide. Then the monster leaves.

Quotes
"What may not be expected in a country of eternal light?" (10) -Robert Walton
On the surface, Walton is simply referring to how the sun never sets in the arctic circle during the winter, however, it can also be applied to the 18th century scientific idealism. The exploration and discovery of new scientific knowledge was not only necessary but inherently positive and pious. This aligns with Victor's point of view before and during the creation of the monster. This quote, which is placed very early in the novel, alludes to the parallelism between Frankenstein and Walton in terms of their expectations of their studies.

"I, the miserable and the abandoned, am an abortion, to be spurned at, and kicked, and trampled on." (185) -The Monster
The Monster says this when expressing his suffering to Robert Walton over the body of Victor Frankenstein at the end of the book. This quote exemplifies the monster's self-pity and demand for empathy. It also shows how the monster justifies the motivation for his actions with his self-declared suffering. He also uses the word, "abortion", which is motif from the novel and supports that the monster was abandoned and shunned by his creator as well as the world.

Theme
When mankind's hubris causes society to reject the natural order, it leads to dire consequences.
Frankenstein's hubris the clearly the cause of every unnatural and tragic event in the story, but a point that Mary Shelley was trying to make throughout the entire novel was how society reacts to and subsequently rejects the unnatural "thing". Completely alienated from society, the monster has no one to relate to other than his creator, who also immediately rejected and shunned him. This rejection leads to the monster's acts of violence and revenge specifically on Victor's loved ones. Chaos stemming from the ego-maniacal and self-involved of the protagonist makes the point that Shelley is voicing the public fear or scientific exploration and discovery from her time period. Frankenstein serves as a warning against taking the privilege of free-will and human capability too far, and into the realm of unnatural actions which rebel against religious law and Providence.